【Linux】Linux磁盘扩容

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查看当前的磁盘

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df -TH

输出

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Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs          tmpfs  1.7G  1.1M  1.7G   1% /run
/dev/vda2      ext4    43G   31G   11G  75% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  8.2G   33k  8.2G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs  5.3M     0  5.3M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs  1.7G  4.1k  1.7G   1% /run/user/1000

确认当前的磁盘

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sudo fdisk -l

会输出：

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# 系统盘有40G
Disk /dev/vda: 40 GiB, 42949672960 bytes, 83886080 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: 05ABB582-8C87-4CAF-8A44-E51F9A3A6625

Device     Start      End  Sectors Size Type
/dev/vda1   2048     4095     2048   1M BIOS boot
/dev/vda2   4096 83886046 83881951  40G Linux filesystem

# 数据盘vdb有100GB，这个就是我们要新增的数据盘了
Disk /dev/vdb: 100 GiB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

查看磁盘系统类型

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sudo file -s /dev/vdb

输出

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/dev/vdb: Linux rev 1.0 ext4 filesystem data, UUID=ecd8eba2-c630-43dc-b907-438b1e5be7df (needs journal recovery) (extents) (64bit) (large files) (huge files)

可以看到 vdb 是 ext4

格式化文件系统

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mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vdb

挂载

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# 确保目标文件夹存在
mkdir /data
# 挂载
sudo mount /dev/vdb /data

确认挂载成功

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df -TH

输出

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ubuntu@VM-1-7-ubuntu:/etc$ df -TH
Filesystem     Type   Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs          tmpfs  1.7G  1.2M  1.7G   1% /run
/dev/vda2      ext4    43G   31G   11G  75% /
tmpfs          tmpfs  8.2G   33k  8.2G   1% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs  5.3M     0  5.3M   0% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs  1.7G  4.1k  1.7G   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/vdb       ext4   106G  7.0G   93G   7% /data

可以看到多出了一个，就说明成功了

开机自动挂载

注意：在机器重启后/data下的东西会不见，并不是他不在（使用sudo fdisk -l确认），而是没有挂载上去。这就是因为你没有设置开机自动挂载，如果你真碰到这种情况也不要害怕，重新挂载一遍就好了sudo mount /dev/vdb /data。但是千万要注意，不要格式化!!!不要格式化!!!不要格式化!!!

设置自动挂载

  1. 先备份配置文件

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    cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

  2. 再将命令行写入

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    echo "UUID=$(sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/vdb) /data ext4 defaults 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

  3. 确认文件正常

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    cat /etc/fstab

    ubuntu@VM-1-7-ubuntu:/etc$ cat /etc/fstab
    # /etc/fstab: static file system information.
    #
    # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
    # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
    # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
    #
    # <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
    # / was on /dev/vda2 during curtin installation
    /dev/disk/by-uuid/7bccaefa-b039-4ff6-bd32-22dde0066c0b / ext4 defaults 0 1
    /swapfile none swap sw 0 0
    UUID=ecd8eba2-c630-43dc-b907-438b1e5be7df /data ext4 defaults 0 0